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What is Irrigation with Micro-Sprinkler Method?
Micro-sprinkler irrigation is one of the agricultural irrigation methods and aims to precisely control the water needed by plants. In this system, specially designed sprinkler heads and pipes are used to ensure low water flow and regular distribution to the plant root area. The micro-sprinkler irrigation system saves water just like drip irrigation, but is suitable for effectively irrigating larger areas. This system, frequently used in under-tree irrigation, is especially preferred in orchards and various agricultural fields. Providing irrigation water at the necessary time and amount promotes plant growth while minimizing water loss. Micro-sprinkler irrigation is an important tool for increasing the efficiency of modern agricultural practices and utilizing water resources effectively.
Where is the Micro-Sprinkler Irrigation System Used?
This system is widely used in various agricultural applications. It is especially preferred for irrigating trees with wide canopy projections such as fruit trees, vineyards, citrus orchards, hazelnuts, olives, and walnuts. Additionally, micro-sprinkler systems are used efficiently in landscape irrigation, greenhouses and nurseries, and vegetable and flower cultivation. Thanks to the system's flexible structure and homogeneous distribution of water, it can be successfully applied on sloping lands and different soil types. Micro-sprinkler irrigation systems are widely chosen in gardens and landscape areas because they provide the water plants need in an economical and efficient way.
Under-Tree Micro-Sprinkler System
Underwood micro-irrigation system is an irrigation method used to irrigate large canopy plants, especially fruit trees, by providing water to the plant's root area in a separate and controlled manner. In this system, using lateral lines from polyethylene (PE) pipes and small dew droplets placed under each tree, water is sprayed downwards and pressurized into the plant's root area. Compared to drip irrigation systems, this system has lower installation costs, minimizes water loss by directing water directly to the root ball, and allows plants to develop stronger roots. By creating a constantly moist root zone, it optimizes plant development and helps increase productivity. Additionally, thanks to its low pressure requirement, it saves energy and reduces labor costs due to easy construction. By ensuring efficient use of water resources, this system breaks environmental sustainability and is significantly superior to modern urban protection practices.
What are the Advantages of the Micro-Sprinkler System?
The micro-sprinkler irrigation system has many advantages in terms of efficient and controlled use of water in modern agricultural practices. The detailed advantages of this system are as follows:
- Low water consumption: Micro-sprinkler systems deliver water in small droplets to the root areas of plants, minimizing water evaporation and runoff losses. In this way, up to 40% water savings can be achieved compared to traditional irrigation methods.
- Equal Distribution of Water: Water is distributed equally to the root areas of the plants, ensuring that the plants receive exactly the water they need. This optimizes plant development and ensures high yield.
- Low Pressure Requirements: Micro-sprinkler systems operate under low pressure (usually 1.5-2.5 atmospheres), which saves energy.
- Integration with Automation: The systems can be combined with automatic irrigation systems. Thanks to this integration, irrigation operations can be carried out automatically, which reduces labor costs and minimizes human error.
- Wide canopy projection trees: It is ideal especially for trees with wide canopy projections. Thanks to the mini-sprinkler heads placed under each tree, trees can be irrigated efficiently.
- Erosion Control: It can be used on sloping and high grounds. Since water is delivered at a low flow rate and pressure, the risk of soil erosion is minimized.
- Anti-Clogging Features: System components are specifically designed to prevent clogging. Filters and cleaning mechanisms ensure the efficient operation of the system.
Disadvantages of the Micro-Sprinkler Irrigation System
Micro-irrigation systems also have some disadvantages and points to consider. Especially compared to the drip irrigation system, some negative aspects of these systems are:
- Micro-irrigation can promote weed growth because it spreads water over a wider area. This may require additional weed control in agricultural production.
- It requires higher pressure than the drip irrigation system. This can increase the operating costs of the irrigation system and requires more powerful water pumping equipment.
- Micro-irrigation systems require larger diameter lateral pipes to distribute water to larger areas. This can increase system installation costs and the complexity of the pipelines.
- Water can be subject to losses through evaporation and wind. Especially in open areas, the distribution of water can be irregular due to the effect of wind and irrigation efficiency can decrease.
These disadvantages are important factors to consider before using micro-irrigation systems. To increase irrigation efficiency and minimize negative impacts, it is important to take these elements into account during the design, installation, and operation of the system.
How Many Tons of Water Does a Mini Sprinkler Discharge per Hour?
Mini-sprinkler irrigation systems are designed with various water flow rates, with head flow rates generally ranging between 20 and 120 liters per hour. These systems can be adapted to the irrigation needs of different plant types and provide effective irrigation in various soil conditions. Low-flow heads (20-40 l/h) are ideal especially for small and sensitive plants, as they ensure slow and even distribution of water, thereby minimizing soil erosion and water loss. Medium-flow nozzles (40-80 l/h) are suitable for medium-sized plants such as fruit trees and increase irrigation efficiency by delivering enough water to the root zone of the plants. High-flow nozzles (80-120 l/h) are used to quickly irrigate large areas, ideal for large trees or wide agricultural fields. This variety of flow rates demonstrates the flexibility of micro-irrigation systems and their suitability for different agricultural practices, thereby ensuring efficient use of water resources. Correct selection of each head flow rate optimizes the performance of the irrigation system and helps plants grow healthily.
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