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How Are Drying Groundwater Resources Threatening the Future of Irrigation Systems?
Drying groundwater resources are significantly threatening the future of irrigation systems. Turkey's groundwater meets a significant portion of the irrigation systems and the country's water needs. However, in recent years, drying wetlands have been posing a serious threat to the future of irrigation systems. According to the statements of Prof. Dr. Salihoğlu, METU Institute of Marine Sciences and METU Climate Director, a 2-degree increase in temperatures could increase the drought problem in our country by up to 40% and cause an approximately 40% decrease in precipitation. This situation poses a great threat to our water resources and wetlands.
When the temperature increase reaches 4 degrees, a decrease of up to 60% in precipitation is expected. This could cause our water resources and wetlands to dry up even further. According to research, a serious withdrawal is also observed in groundwater; in some regions, groundwater levels have dropped by up to 40 meters. When regions and resources are examined, it is observed that the drought problem is increasing in almost all regions.
What Are the Drought Data by Region?
Marmara Region: Marmara Region is the most densely populated region of Turkey and water demand is quite high. According to studies, it is observed that groundwater levels are rapidly falling in the Marmara Region and drying wetlands are effective in this decrease. Some wetlands in the region are sources where groundwater is fed, and the loss of these areas leads to a decrease in water resources.
Aegean Region: The Aegean Region is home to rich wetlands. However, in recent years, most of these wetlands have dried up. According to statistics, groundwater levels in the Aegean Region are rapidly decreasing, and this situation increases the region's dependence on groundwater resources.
Mediterranean Region: The Mediterranean Region is a sensitive region in terms of water resources due to its hot and dry climate. The drying of wetlands in this region is associated with the excessive use of groundwater. According to statistics, groundwater levels in the Mediterranean Region are falling at a rate of over 30%.
Anatolia Region: The Anatolia Region is a region where agriculture is practiced intensively and the need for agricultural irrigation is high. In this region, the drying of wetlands is also associated with the excessive use of groundwater and the drop in groundwater levels. According to studies, groundwater levels in the Anatolia Region are decreasing at a rate of over 25%.
Southeastern Anatolia Region: Drying wetlands constitute a particularly large problem in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. This region is heavily dependent on groundwater resources, and the loss of wetlands leads to a serious drop in groundwater levels. According to statistics, groundwater levels in the Southeastern Anatolia Region are decreasing at a rate of over 35%.
Drying wetlands in Turkey pose a significant threat to groundwater resources. For this reason, the implementation of sustainable water management policies and the protection of groundwater resources are of great importance. Otherwise, we may encounter serious problems regarding the sustainability of water resources and meeting the water needs of future generations. As Esular, we support the correct use of water, which is the most fundamental resource of our future, by implementing sustainable strategies for the protection of groundwater and surface water, and we provide savings for the future by controlling all irrigation processes end-to-end with our artificial intelligence-supported platform and water management systems.
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