How to Irrigate Potatoes?
Correct irrigation techniques in potato cultivation are of critical importance for a productive harvest. In this guide, we will explain in detail the most effective methods and timing for meeting the water needs of potato plants. We are sharing information that will help you grow healthier potato plants and increase your yield by applying the correct irrigation strategies.
Why is Potato Irrigation Important?
Potato is a plant that needs regular and balanced irrigation during the growing process. The amount and frequency of irrigation vary according to the growth stage of the potato, weather conditions, and soil type. While insufficient irrigation causes tubers to remain small, excessive irrigation can lead to decay and diseases. To get more detailed information about potato cultivation, you can also take a look at this article
Irrigation Frequency According to Soil Type
Soil structure is one of the determining factors in potato irrigation. Different soil types have different water-holding capacities, and this directly affects the frequency of irrigation.
Irrigation in Light Soils: Water-holding capacity is low in sandy or light soils. Therefore:
- Irrigation should be done at 15-18 day intervals.
- Water should be given more frequently but in smaller amounts.
- The distance between two furrows should be 60-65 cm.
Irrigation in Heavy Soils: Clayey or heavy soils hold more water and stay moist for longer:
- Irrigation at 22-25 day intervals is recommended.
- Water can be given less frequently but in larger amounts.
- The distance between two furrows should be 70-80 cm.
Number of Irrigations During the Growing Period
Potato is a plant that requires regular and timely irrigation throughout its development. During the growing period, performing irrigation a total of 2 to 4 times is generally sufficient. However, the timing of these irrigations should be planned according to the development stages of the plant. The amount and frequency of irrigation may vary according to climate conditions and soil structure.
- The first irrigation should be done after the plants emerge on the soil surface and the root system begins to develop. Irrigation performed during this period helps the root system of the plants to advance deeper. If soil moisture is sufficient, this irrigation can be delayed, but it is of great importance to do it early in drought conditions.
- The tuber formation and development period is the stage where the potato needs the most water. Regular and sufficient irrigation performed at this stage ensures that the tubers develop healthily. Mid-period irrigations can generally be done at 7–10 day intervals; however, this period should be adjusted according to the soil's water-holding capacity and air temperature.
- The last irrigation should be done approximately 15–20 days before the harvest. The water given during this period contributes to the tubers taking their final shape and forming skin. However, irrigation should be stopped after this stage. Excessive irrigation performed before harvest can cause tubers to be muddy and increase the risk of disease during storage.
Most Effective Potato Irrigation Methods
Furrow Irrigation Method
The most commonly used method in potato irrigation is furrow irrigation. In this method:
- Water is given to the furrows created between the rows, ensuring it reaches the root zone of the plants.
- Furrow intervals are adjusted according to the soil structure.
- The furrow length should not be too long to prevent water waste.
Drip Irrigation System
This is another method preferred in modern agricultural practices:
- It provides water savings.
- It gives water directly to the root zone of the plants.
- It can be used together with fertilizer application (fertigation).
- It reduces labor costs.
Points to Consider in Irrigation
- Avoid Over-Irrigation: Excessive water can lead to root rot and diseases.
- Do Not Under-Irrigate: Water deficiency negatively affects tuber development.
- Pay Attention to Irrigation Timing: Early morning hours or late afternoon are the most suitable times for irrigation.
- Check Soil Moisture: Soil moisture should be checked before irrigation.
- Consider Weather Conditions: Adjust the irrigation schedule during rainy periods.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should potatoes be irrigated?
Irrigation should be done every 15-18 days in light soils and every 22-25 days in heavy soils.
When should the last irrigation be done before harvest?
At least 1 week should be left between the harvest and the last irrigation.
Which is the best irrigation method for potatoes?
Furrow irrigation is the most common method, but if possible, a drip irrigation system can yield more efficient results.
What are the signs of over-irrigation in potato plants?
Yellowing of leaves, decay, and the appearance of fungal diseases are signs of over-irrigation.
What is the most common mistake in potato irrigation?
Irregular irrigation or over-irrigation are among the most common mistakes in potato cultivation.
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