Barley Diseases
Knowing barley diseases and pests and intervening early is very important. In the agricultural world, the barley plant is a valuable grain type used for many purposes. However, there are many diseases and pests that barley plant growers may encounter. In the following article, we will provide information about barley plant diseases and pests and talk about how these problems can be dealt with.
Bacterial Leaf Streak in Barley (Xanthomonas translucens)
Bacterial leaf streak in barley can cause various damages on barley and these damages can lead to economic losses.
Symptoms
Water-soaked spots on leaves; drying dead leaves; bright yellow or brown streaks; plant looks stunted, plant growth slows down.
Agent
Bacteria
Conditions for Disease Development
Seen everywhere barley is grown.
Control Method
Only certified, disease-free seeds should be used; for the control of this disease, agricultural practices and chemical substances used in disease control can be used. Crop rotation is applied to reduce disease formation in the soil.
Root and Foot Rot in Barley (Bipolaris sorokiniana)
Root and foot rot disease in barley can prevent the growth of the plant by rotting especially the root system and the root collar.
Symptoms
Root and foot rot causes decay in the roots and the root collar of the plant. Symptoms of this disease include roots being covered with black or brown spots, rotting of the root collar, and weakening of the roots. The general growth of the plant weakens, leaves turn yellow and dry.
Agent
Fungi
Conditions for Disease Development
It can be transmitted to plants through contact with seeds or soil. The disease often spreads faster in moist and cool conditions.
Control Method
Preference for resistant barley varieties. Cleaning and destruction of infected plant residues. Not using infected seeds or controlling disease levels in seeds. Use of chemical fungicides, however, local regulations should be followed for the use of these chemical substances. Taking plant hygiene measures, regulation of irrigation management and plant nutrition.
Basal Glume Rot (Pseudomonas syringae)
Basal glume rot in barley can be a serious problem for barley production and can lead to yield loss by affecting the root collar of the plants.
Symptoms
Brown discoloration at the base of the glume (bract covering the kernel); dark line where the glume connects to the awns; water-soaked spots on leaves; yellow and necrotic spots on leaves.
Agent
Bacteria
Conditions for Disease Development
Occurs everywhere barley is grown; spreads by seed.
Control Method
Cleaning and destruction of infected plant residues. Avoiding the use of infected seeds. Adjusting plant planting density appropriately. Use of chemical bactericides, however, this method should be applied carefully to prevent the development of resistance. Preference for resistant barley varieties.
Barley Stripe Leaf Spot (Pyrenophora graminea)
Barley stripe leaf spot can specifically affect barley plants and cause spots to form on the leaves. These spots can negatively affect plant health and yield.
Symptoms
Small yellow spots on seedling leaves; yellow to tan streaks along the leaf blade before heading; red margins on streaks; death of diseased tissue; heads do not emerge; plants become stunted.
Agent
Fungus
Conditions for Disease Development
Seen everywhere winter barley is grown.
Control Method
Only certified seed should be used.
Covered Smut in Barley (Ustilago hordei)
Covered Smut in Barley (Ustilago hordei) is a fungal species and a pathogen that causes disease in the barley plant. This fungus creates infection on the stems and grains of the barley plant. Infection caused by Ustilago hordei can lower the economic value of barley and lead to crop loss.
Symptoms
It can manifest itself with symptoms such as swellings on the stems of the plant, black spots, bending of the stems, and abnormal growths that disturb the normal development of the grain spike. Additionally, infected grains can be black in color and larger than normal.
Agent
Fungus
Conditions for Disease Development
Smut masses burst during harvest and the disease spreads further; crushed spore masses have a smell similar to rotting fish.
Control Method
Only certified, blemish-free seeds should be used; hot water can be applied to seeds before sowing to kill fungi; contact fungicide can be applied to seeds; resistant varieties should be grown.
Fusarium Head Blight in Barley (Fusarium graminearum)
Fusarium Head Blight in Barley is a plant disease caused by a fungal species called Fusarium graminearum. This disease is an important disease seen especially in cereal plants such as barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum spp.). Fusarium graminearum can create infection on plant stems, spikes, and seeds.
Symptoms
The first symptoms show the bleaching of some flowers in the spike. Under suitable conditions, early blight or bleaching of entire spikes may occur. As the disease progresses, the head turns from tan to brown. Additionally, we can also see pink or orange colored mold forming at the base of the florets. Grains shrivel, turn white, and become chalky.
Agent
Fungus
Conditions for Disease Development
Since the pathogen infects the kernel, the disease causes high yield loss, low test weights, and low seed germination. Another important problem is that the pathogen produces a mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a vomitoxin.
Control Method
Existing resistant varieties should be grown. If the disease is severe, an appropriate fungicide is applied.
Our article on barley pests.
Yorumlar