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What is Plant Water Consumption?
Plant Water Consumption is the sum of the amount of transpiration from plant leaves and the amount of evaporation from the soil surface. It is abbreviated as ET in many international sources. Plant water consumption needs to be determined for different conditions. At the same time, it can vary under the influence of climate, soil, and plant factors. Plant water consumption is divided into long-period and short-period. Long-period plant water consumption is conducted monthly and seasonally. Short-period plant water consumption is conducted daily, weekly, and ten-day periods.
Factors Affecting Plant Water Consumption
- Temperature and solar energy play an important role in the development of plants. It has been observed that plant water consumption decreases between 0-10 C, increases suddenly between 10-14 C, and reaches its maximum level at 36 C.
- The growth stage of the plant is an important factor affecting water consumption. Especially the annual development stages of the plant significantly affect the water usage rate.
- The development duration of plants is also an important factor. Development duration is defined as the period during which physiological activities continue.
- Water consumption is higher in places with longer day lengths. For this reason, the duration of sunshine is also an important factor.
- Another factor is wind speed. As air humidity increases, the evaporation rate decreases.
Calculation of Plant Water Consumption
This value is calculated in two ways. These are direct measurement methods and indirect estimation methods. We obtain the most reliable results with direct measurement methods; however, they are quite expensive and very time-consuming. For this reason, direct measurement of plant water consumption is only performed for the purpose of calibrating estimation equations from climate data and finding local crop coefficients.
Direct measurement methods are divided into 4. These are; Tanks and Lysimeters, field trial plots, control of soil moisture depletion, and measurement of inflow and outflow from the basin.
Indirect estimation methods are Blaney-Criddle, Penman, Solar radiation, and Penman-Monteith.
Blaney-Criddle data used in the method are; average temperature, daytime hours, minimum relative humidity, and average daytime wind speed. Since limited data is used in this method, it provides a rough result. Therefore, it is used to obtain plant water consumption values for at least annual periods.
Penman method includes many climate factors that affect plant water consumption. These are; temperature, humidity, wind, and sunshine duration. For this reason, it provides very reliable results in practice. Plant water consumption calculated with this method provides reliable results.
In the Radiation Method, by considering the average values of average humidity and daytime wind, a relationship is established between the radiation equation and reference plant water consumption. This method generally provides more reliable results compared to the Blaney-Criddle method.
The Penman-Monteith method has been tried and tested in agricultural and hydrological studies for more than 30 years. The main reason for its widespread use is that both energy balance and aerodynamic components are included in the equation. For this reason, it has been determined that the Penman-Monteith method gives more realistic results compared to other methods.
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