Most Cultivated Garden Plants in Irrigated Agriculture in Turkey
Water is the source of life on earth. All living things absolutely need water to continue their lives. Plants consist of water in proportions up to 90 – 95% depending on the species. The ability of nutrient elements existing in the soil to complete their natural cycle depends entirely on the water cycle. The water cycle is the event of conveying water falling to the soil through precipitation back into the air through evaporation (evaporation) and transpiration (transpiration). Plants take a significant amount of water from the soil through transpiration and release it into the air in the form of water vapor. During this event, many nutrient elements also enter the plant body dissolved in water and are transported through the vascular bundles there.
It is very important to use the correct irrigation and smart irrigation system when irrigating. By knowing the amounts of water the plant needs, both higher quality plants are produced and unnecessary water use is prevented.
At the head of the most cultivated garden plants in Turkey are apple, cherry, peach, walnut, citrus, olive as fruit types; tomato, pepper, eggplant as vegetable types.
Fruit Types
Apple
Seasonal water requirement: it is 350-500 mm.
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 6 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 20-25 kg per decare
- Potassium fertilization 10-15 kg per decare
Cherry
water requirement: tree age*20-25 liters
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 14 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 8 kg per decare
- Potassium fertilization 10 kg per decare
Peach
irrigation requirement: it is 600-700 mm.
Among stone fruits, the plant that wants the most water is the peach. Irrigations carried out 3-4 weeks before the ripening date of the fruits give the best results. When the 10 cm part from the processed part of the soil downwards dries, it means the irrigation time has come.
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 15-20 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 4-6 kg per decare
- Potassium fertilization 20-25 kg per decare
Walnut
water requirement: It is 1100-1400 mm per tree.
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 12-20 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 10-12 kg per decare
- Potassium fertilization 15-45 kg per decare
Citrus (Orange, Mandarin, Lemon, Grapefruit, Bitter Orange)
water requirement: it is 800-1000 mm.
When it is very hot and dry, a total of 600-700 mm of water should be given to the trees.
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 12-20 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 10-12 kg per decare
- Potassium fertilization 15-20 kg per decare
Olive
water requirement: it is 600-800 mm.
fertilization requirement:
fertilization is done once or twice a year per tree with 4-7 kg of N-P-K 11-15-15 fertilizer.
Vegetable Types
Tomato
- water requirement: it is 470-500 mm.
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 12-18 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 10-12 kg per decare
- Potassium fertilization 15-20 kg per decare
Pepper
water requirement: it is 700 mm.
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 18 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 4 kg per decare
- Potassium fertilization 20 kg per decare
Eggplant
water requirement: 450-600
fertilization requirement:
- Nitrogen fertilization 21 kg per decare
- Phosphorus fertilization 10 kg per decare
