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How is Broccoli Cultivation Done?
Broccoli cultivation is an important agricultural activity worldwide and in Turkey due to both its historical origins and nutritional value. Broccoli belongs to the Brassicaceae family and comes from the same family as other cabbage species. Initially thought to be native to the Mediterranean region, broccoli has been discovered and developed by different cultures throughout history. It is especially accepted as a popular vegetable in many parts of Asia, America, and Europe. In Turkey, broccoli cultivation is common, especially in the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions. In terms of market need, broccoli is offered to consumers as fresh and frozen in many supermarkets, greengrocers, and markets. With increasing health awareness and changes in consumers' eating habits, the demand for broccoli has also increased. Therefore, broccoli cultivation has significant potential in both domestic and foreign markets.
Where Does Broccoli Grow?
Climate and Soil Structure in Broccoli Cultivation
Preferring temperate climates, broccoli is among the cool-season vegetables. High temperatures and drought negatively affect the development of broccoli's immature flower buds. Therefore, ideal climate conditions are temperatures ranging between 15-20°C and balanced humidity levels. In terms of soil structure, it prefers light, well-drained, humus-rich soils with a pH value between 6.0 and 7.0. Soils with good water retention help the plant's roots develop healthily and take up nutrients effectively. Additionally, soils rich in organic matter provide the nutrients necessary for broccoli growth.
Sowing in Broccoli Cultivation
One of the cool-climate vegetables, broccoli is generally sown in the winter months. Seed selection is very important for the success of this process. Healthy and quality seeds are the first step to obtaining a healthy and productive broccoli plant. Preparing the soil well before sowing is also very important. Soil nourishment is provided through soil plowing and necessary fertilizations. Broccoli seeds are generally planted with a distance of 45-70 cm between rows and 30-50 cm on the row. Sowing depth may vary depending on the seed size, but it is generally sown at a depth of 1-2 cm. Regular irrigation and weed control should be carried out after sowing to maintain soil moisture. During the sowing period, protective sprayings against harmful insects and diseases should also be done regularly. By following these steps, it is possible to obtain a successful and healthy product in broccoli sowing.
Irrigation in Broccoli Cultivation
Fertilization in Broccoli Cultivation
First of all, soil analysis should be performed before growing broccoli. Based on the soil analysis results, it is determined what types of fertilizers should be used. In broccoli cultivation, nitrogenous, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are generally used. During planting, all of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and one-third of the nitrogenous fertilizer are mixed into the soil. This helps the plant's root systems strengthen and make a healthy start during the initial growth periods. As the broccoli plant grows and main heads begin to form, the remaining amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and other nutrients are applied in different ratios and at specific periods. This ensures the plant is fed continuously and in a balanced manner. Consequently, high-quality and healthy products are obtained.
Harvest in Broccoli Cultivation
How Much Broccoli is Produced from 1 Decare?
The yield of harvested broccoli varies depending on the harvest method, the variety used, the planting distance, and growing conditions. Generally, a yield between 2000-3000 kg per decare is obtained. Broccoli heads continue to develop even after harvest. Therefore, harvested broccolis turn yellow within about three days at room temperature and lose their market value. The most suitable storage conditions for broccoli are provided at a temperature of 0°C and 95% humidity in a well-ventilated environment. Harvested broccoli should not be stored for more than 2-3 weeks under these conditions. Long-term storage causes the color of the flower buds to change and the buds to drop. Therefore, broccoli should be delivered to the consumer as soon as possible after being harvested.
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